Children Of The American Military Began A Thicket To Use Alcohol And Drugs.
Children from naval families whose parents are deployed are at greater imperil for moonshine and drug use, according to a new study in April 2013. This danger increases when parents' deployment disrupts their children's living situation and the kids are forced to lodge with people who aren't relatives, researchers from the University of Iowa found. Schools should be aware that children from service families whose parents are deployed may need additional support, the researchers suggested. When at least one father is deployed, there is a measurable percentage of children who are not living with their natural parents," the study's older author, Stephan Arndt, professor of psychiatry in biostatistics, said in a university report release.
And "Some of these children go to live with a relative, but some go outside of the family, and that change in these children's living arrangements grossly distressed their risk of binge drinking and marijuana use". The results suggest that when a materfamilias deploys, it may be preferable to place a child with a family member and try to minimize the disruption. In 2010, nearly 2 million US children had at least one progenitrix on active military establishment duty, the researchers said.
The study, published online in the journal Addiction, involved poop compiled on nearly 60000 sixth-, eighth- and 11th-grade students who participated in the Iowa Youth Survey. The students answered questions online about their experiences with alcohol, drugs and violence.
Wednesday, 27 November 2019
25 Percent Of Infants Suffer From Intestinal Colic
25 Percent Of Infants Suffer From Intestinal Colic.
Colic is a banal tough nut to crack for babies, and new research may finally provide clues to its cause: A niggardly study found that infants with colic seemed to develop certain intestinal bacteria later than those without the condition. What the researchers aren't direct on yet is why this would make some infants go on long crying jags each night for months. The study authors suspect that without the right balance of intestinal flora, the babies may know more pain and inflammation.
In particular, the study found differences in two types of bacteria. One is proteobacteria. The other is probiotics, which comprise bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. "Already in the first two weeks of life, limited significant differences between both groups were found. Proteobacteria were increased in infants with colic, with a more-than-doubled germane abundance.
These included specific species that are known to produce gas," said workroom author Carolina de Weerth, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. "On the other hand, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were increased in conduct infants. These included species that would set in motion anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, samples from infants with colic were found to suppress fewer bacteria related to butyrate-producing species.
Butyrate is known to reduce pain in adults. These microbial signatures c explain the excessive crying". Results of the study appeared online Jan 14, 2013 and in the February picture issue of Pediatrics. Colic affects up to 25 percent of infants, De Weerth said. It is defined as crying for an unexceptional of more than three hours a day, in a general way between birth and 3 months of age, according to background dope in the study.
Little is known about what causes colic, and the only definitive cure for colic is time. The outrageous crying usually stops at around 4 months of age, according to the study. "Newborn crying is totally variable, and between 2 weeks and 8 or 10 weeks you can expect at least an hour of crying in a day. There may be some who whine less; some who cry more.
But, babies with colic really do watchword for three to four hours a day," said Dr Michael Hobaugh, chief of medical caduceus at La Rabida Children's Hospital, in Chicago. In the current study, the researchers tested more than 200 fecal samples from 12 infants with colic and 12 infants with obscene levels of crying (the guide group). Colic was determined at 6 weeks of age.
Colic is a banal tough nut to crack for babies, and new research may finally provide clues to its cause: A niggardly study found that infants with colic seemed to develop certain intestinal bacteria later than those without the condition. What the researchers aren't direct on yet is why this would make some infants go on long crying jags each night for months. The study authors suspect that without the right balance of intestinal flora, the babies may know more pain and inflammation.
In particular, the study found differences in two types of bacteria. One is proteobacteria. The other is probiotics, which comprise bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. "Already in the first two weeks of life, limited significant differences between both groups were found. Proteobacteria were increased in infants with colic, with a more-than-doubled germane abundance.
These included specific species that are known to produce gas," said workroom author Carolina de Weerth, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. "On the other hand, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were increased in conduct infants. These included species that would set in motion anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, samples from infants with colic were found to suppress fewer bacteria related to butyrate-producing species.
Butyrate is known to reduce pain in adults. These microbial signatures c explain the excessive crying". Results of the study appeared online Jan 14, 2013 and in the February picture issue of Pediatrics. Colic affects up to 25 percent of infants, De Weerth said. It is defined as crying for an unexceptional of more than three hours a day, in a general way between birth and 3 months of age, according to background dope in the study.
Little is known about what causes colic, and the only definitive cure for colic is time. The outrageous crying usually stops at around 4 months of age, according to the study. "Newborn crying is totally variable, and between 2 weeks and 8 or 10 weeks you can expect at least an hour of crying in a day. There may be some who whine less; some who cry more.
But, babies with colic really do watchword for three to four hours a day," said Dr Michael Hobaugh, chief of medical caduceus at La Rabida Children's Hospital, in Chicago. In the current study, the researchers tested more than 200 fecal samples from 12 infants with colic and 12 infants with obscene levels of crying (the guide group). Colic was determined at 6 weeks of age.
Tuesday, 26 November 2019
Scientists Have Found A New Way To Lose Weight
Scientists Have Found A New Way To Lose Weight.
A uncharted commentary finds that weight-loss surgery helps very obese patients smidgen pounds and improve their overall health, even if there is some risk for complications. "We've gotten good at doing this," said Dr Mitchell Roslin, main of weight-loss surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. "Bariatric surgery has become one of the safest intra-abdominal prime procedures. The quiz is why we don't start facing the facts who was not involved in the new review. If the data were this OK with any other condition, the standard of care for morbid obesity would be surgery. He said he thinks a unfairly against obesity tinges the way people look at weight-loss surgery.
And "People don't objective obesity as a disease, and blame the victim. We have this ridiculous notion that the next diet is going to be serviceable - although there has never been an effective diet for people who are severely obese". Morbid obesity is a chronic fettle that is practically irreversible and needs to be treated aggressively. The only treatment that's effective is surgery. Review creator Su-Hsin Chang is an instructor in the division of public health services at the Washington University School of Medicine, in St Louis.
So "Weight-loss surgery provides generous crap on weight loss and improves obesity-related conditions in the majority of bariatric patients, although risks of complication, reoperation and extirpation exist. Death rates are, in general, very low. The dimensions of weight loss and risks are different across different procedures. These should be well communicated when the surgical recourse is offered to obese patients and should be well considered when making decisions".
The report was published online Dec 18, 2013 in the periodical JAMA Surgery. For the study, Chang's yoke analyzed more than 150 studies related to weight-loss surgery. More than 162000 patients, with an regular body-mass index (BMI) of nearly 46, were included. BMI is a measure of body fat based on summit and weight, and a BMI of more than 40 is considered very severely obese.
A uncharted commentary finds that weight-loss surgery helps very obese patients smidgen pounds and improve their overall health, even if there is some risk for complications. "We've gotten good at doing this," said Dr Mitchell Roslin, main of weight-loss surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. "Bariatric surgery has become one of the safest intra-abdominal prime procedures. The quiz is why we don't start facing the facts who was not involved in the new review. If the data were this OK with any other condition, the standard of care for morbid obesity would be surgery. He said he thinks a unfairly against obesity tinges the way people look at weight-loss surgery.
And "People don't objective obesity as a disease, and blame the victim. We have this ridiculous notion that the next diet is going to be serviceable - although there has never been an effective diet for people who are severely obese". Morbid obesity is a chronic fettle that is practically irreversible and needs to be treated aggressively. The only treatment that's effective is surgery. Review creator Su-Hsin Chang is an instructor in the division of public health services at the Washington University School of Medicine, in St Louis.
So "Weight-loss surgery provides generous crap on weight loss and improves obesity-related conditions in the majority of bariatric patients, although risks of complication, reoperation and extirpation exist. Death rates are, in general, very low. The dimensions of weight loss and risks are different across different procedures. These should be well communicated when the surgical recourse is offered to obese patients and should be well considered when making decisions".
The report was published online Dec 18, 2013 in the periodical JAMA Surgery. For the study, Chang's yoke analyzed more than 150 studies related to weight-loss surgery. More than 162000 patients, with an regular body-mass index (BMI) of nearly 46, were included. BMI is a measure of body fat based on summit and weight, and a BMI of more than 40 is considered very severely obese.
The Number Infected With Hepatitis From The Frozen Berries Grows In The USA
The Number Infected With Hepatitis From The Frozen Berries Grows In The USA.
The copy of the crowd now ill in a hepatitis A outbreak that may be tied to a frozen berry/pomegranate blend continues to rise, US health officials said. As of June 5, 2013, 61 masses in Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Hawaii and California have been reported woe with hepatitis A that may be connected to Townsend Farms Organic Anti-Oxidant Blend frozen berry and pomegranate mix, according to an update issued by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. On Tuesday, Oregon-based Townsend Farms recalled the frozen berry mixes, which were sold to Costco and Harris Teeter stores.
The mixes were sold under the Townsend Farms identify at Costco and under the Harris Teeter sort at that secure of stores, the Associated Press reported. According to the World Health Organization, hepatitis A illnesses typically rise within 14 and 28 days of infection. Symptoms may number nausea, fever, lethargy, jaundice and trouncing of appetite. There's a vaccine against hepatitis A, and it may leisure symptoms if given soon after aspect to the virus.
Data from interviews with 30 patients affected in the new outbreak shows that 37 percent have been hospitalized, with ages ranging from 2 to 71 years. The dates of the inception of illnesses categorize from April 29 to May 27, 2013. 22 of the 30 patients who were interviewed said they ate Townsend Farms Organic Anti-Oxidant Blend frozen berry and pomegranate mix.
The copy of the crowd now ill in a hepatitis A outbreak that may be tied to a frozen berry/pomegranate blend continues to rise, US health officials said. As of June 5, 2013, 61 masses in Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Hawaii and California have been reported woe with hepatitis A that may be connected to Townsend Farms Organic Anti-Oxidant Blend frozen berry and pomegranate mix, according to an update issued by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. On Tuesday, Oregon-based Townsend Farms recalled the frozen berry mixes, which were sold to Costco and Harris Teeter stores.
The mixes were sold under the Townsend Farms identify at Costco and under the Harris Teeter sort at that secure of stores, the Associated Press reported. According to the World Health Organization, hepatitis A illnesses typically rise within 14 and 28 days of infection. Symptoms may number nausea, fever, lethargy, jaundice and trouncing of appetite. There's a vaccine against hepatitis A, and it may leisure symptoms if given soon after aspect to the virus.
Data from interviews with 30 patients affected in the new outbreak shows that 37 percent have been hospitalized, with ages ranging from 2 to 71 years. The dates of the inception of illnesses categorize from April 29 to May 27, 2013. 22 of the 30 patients who were interviewed said they ate Townsend Farms Organic Anti-Oxidant Blend frozen berry and pomegranate mix.
Correlation Use Drugs For Heartburn And The Percentage Of Birth Defects Of Children
Correlation Use Drugs For Heartburn And The Percentage Of Birth Defects Of Children.
Babies born to women who took a standard division of heartburn drugs while they were club did not appear to have any heightened risk of birth defects, a large Danish investigation finds. This class of drugs, known as proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), include blockbusters such as Prilosec (omeprazole), Prevacid (lansoprazole) and Nexium (esomeprazole). All were ready by prescription-only during most of the work period (1996-2008), but Prilosec and Prevacid are now sold over-the-counter.
While the authors and an editorialist, publishing in the Nov 25, 2010 delivery of the New England Journal of Medicine, called the results "reassuring," experts still guide using drugs as little as possible during pregnancy. "In general, these are probably out of harm's way but it takes a lot of time and a lot of exposures before you see some of the abnormalities that might exist," explained Dr Eva Pressman, professor of obstetrics and gynecology and big cheese of maternal-fetal medicine at the University of Rochester Medical Center. "My recommendations are always to circumvent medication exposure if at all possible.
There are very few life-threatening disorders that require these PPIs. There are other ways to get the same effect," added Pressman, who was not active in the study. "Most pregnant women have heartburn but most of it is somewhat easy to treat with simple antacids such as Tums and Maalox and Mylanta, all of which are locally acting and absorbed, and don't ask any risk to the fetus".
Even propping yourself up so you're in a semi-vertical position, as opposed to fibbing flat, can help, said Dr Michael Katz, senior iniquity president for research and global programs at the March of Dimes. The research was funded by the Danish Medical Research Council and the Lundbeck Foundation.
The authors of the recent study used linked databases to glean message on almost 841000 babies born in Denmark from 1996 through 2008, as well as on the babies' mothers' use of PPIs during pregnancy. PPI use by hopeful women was the highest between 2005 and 2008, when about 2 percent of fetuses were exposed, but risk during the critical first trimester was less than 1 percent.
Babies born to women who took a standard division of heartburn drugs while they were club did not appear to have any heightened risk of birth defects, a large Danish investigation finds. This class of drugs, known as proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), include blockbusters such as Prilosec (omeprazole), Prevacid (lansoprazole) and Nexium (esomeprazole). All were ready by prescription-only during most of the work period (1996-2008), but Prilosec and Prevacid are now sold over-the-counter.
While the authors and an editorialist, publishing in the Nov 25, 2010 delivery of the New England Journal of Medicine, called the results "reassuring," experts still guide using drugs as little as possible during pregnancy. "In general, these are probably out of harm's way but it takes a lot of time and a lot of exposures before you see some of the abnormalities that might exist," explained Dr Eva Pressman, professor of obstetrics and gynecology and big cheese of maternal-fetal medicine at the University of Rochester Medical Center. "My recommendations are always to circumvent medication exposure if at all possible.
There are very few life-threatening disorders that require these PPIs. There are other ways to get the same effect," added Pressman, who was not active in the study. "Most pregnant women have heartburn but most of it is somewhat easy to treat with simple antacids such as Tums and Maalox and Mylanta, all of which are locally acting and absorbed, and don't ask any risk to the fetus".
Even propping yourself up so you're in a semi-vertical position, as opposed to fibbing flat, can help, said Dr Michael Katz, senior iniquity president for research and global programs at the March of Dimes. The research was funded by the Danish Medical Research Council and the Lundbeck Foundation.
The authors of the recent study used linked databases to glean message on almost 841000 babies born in Denmark from 1996 through 2008, as well as on the babies' mothers' use of PPIs during pregnancy. PPI use by hopeful women was the highest between 2005 and 2008, when about 2 percent of fetuses were exposed, but risk during the critical first trimester was less than 1 percent.
Slowly Progressive Prostate Cancer Need To Be Watched Instead Of Treatment
Slowly Progressive Prostate Cancer Need To Be Watched Instead Of Treatment.
For patients with prostate cancer that has a bawdy imperil of progression, effectual surveillance, also known as "watchful waiting," may be a suitable treatment option, according to a large-scale study from Sweden. The publication of how (or whether) to treat localized prostate cancer is controversial because, especially for older men, the tumor may not ripen far enough to cause real trouble during their remaining expected lifespan. In those cases, deferring care until there are signs of disease progression may be the better option.
The researchers looked at almost 6900 patients from the National Prostate Cancer Registry Sweden, period 70 or younger, who had localized prostate cancer and a dejected or intermediate risk that the cancer would progress. From 1997 through December 2002, over 2000 patients were assigned to animated surveillance, close to 3400 underwent thorough prostatectomy (removal of the prostate and some surrounding tissue), and more than 1400 received radiation therapy.
For patients with prostate cancer that has a bawdy imperil of progression, effectual surveillance, also known as "watchful waiting," may be a suitable treatment option, according to a large-scale study from Sweden. The publication of how (or whether) to treat localized prostate cancer is controversial because, especially for older men, the tumor may not ripen far enough to cause real trouble during their remaining expected lifespan. In those cases, deferring care until there are signs of disease progression may be the better option.
The researchers looked at almost 6900 patients from the National Prostate Cancer Registry Sweden, period 70 or younger, who had localized prostate cancer and a dejected or intermediate risk that the cancer would progress. From 1997 through December 2002, over 2000 patients were assigned to animated surveillance, close to 3400 underwent thorough prostatectomy (removal of the prostate and some surrounding tissue), and more than 1400 received radiation therapy.
Deadly Intestinal Infection
Deadly Intestinal Infection.
Increased efforts to bring the spread of an intestinal superbug aren't having a larger impact, according to a national survey of infection prevention specialists in the United States. Hospitals and other vigorousness care facilities need to do even more to reduce rates of Clostridium difficile infection, including hiring more infection forestalling staff and improving monitoring of cleaning efforts, according to the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC). Each year, about 14000 Americans pass away from C difficile infection.
Deaths kindred to C difficile infection rose 400 percent between 2000 and 2007, partly due to the look of a stronger strain, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, the infections join at least $1 billion a year to US healthfulness care costs. In January, 2013, APIC surveyed 1100 members and found that 70 percent said their robustness care facilities had adopted additional measures to anticipate C difficile infections since March 2010.
However, only 42 percent of respondents said C difficile infection rates at their facilities had declined, while 43 percent said there was no decrease, according to the findings presented Monday at an APIC bull session on C difficile, held in Baltimore. Despite the actuality that C difficile infection rates have reached all-time highs in current years, only 21 percent of strength care facilities have added more infection prevention staff to tackle the problem, the evaluate found.
Increased efforts to bring the spread of an intestinal superbug aren't having a larger impact, according to a national survey of infection prevention specialists in the United States. Hospitals and other vigorousness care facilities need to do even more to reduce rates of Clostridium difficile infection, including hiring more infection forestalling staff and improving monitoring of cleaning efforts, according to the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC). Each year, about 14000 Americans pass away from C difficile infection.
Deaths kindred to C difficile infection rose 400 percent between 2000 and 2007, partly due to the look of a stronger strain, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, the infections join at least $1 billion a year to US healthfulness care costs. In January, 2013, APIC surveyed 1100 members and found that 70 percent said their robustness care facilities had adopted additional measures to anticipate C difficile infections since March 2010.
However, only 42 percent of respondents said C difficile infection rates at their facilities had declined, while 43 percent said there was no decrease, according to the findings presented Monday at an APIC bull session on C difficile, held in Baltimore. Despite the actuality that C difficile infection rates have reached all-time highs in current years, only 21 percent of strength care facilities have added more infection prevention staff to tackle the problem, the evaluate found.
Muscle Memory
Muscle Memory.
Highly skilled typists actually have trouble identifying positions of many of the keys on a footing QWERTY keyboard, researchers say, suggesting there's much more to typing than routine learning. The new study "demonstrates that we're capable of doing extremely complicated things without knowledgeable explicitly what we are doing," lead researcher Kristy Snyder, a Vanderbilt University mark student, said in a university news release. She and her colleagues asked 100 males and females to complete a short typing test.
They were then shown a blank keyboard and given 80 seconds to write the letters within the exact keys. On average, these participants were proficient typists, banging out 72 words per write down with 94 percent accuracy. However, when quizzed, they could accurately place an regular of only 15 letters on the blank keyboard, according to the study published in the journal Attention, Perception, andamp; Psychophysics.
Highly skilled typists actually have trouble identifying positions of many of the keys on a footing QWERTY keyboard, researchers say, suggesting there's much more to typing than routine learning. The new study "demonstrates that we're capable of doing extremely complicated things without knowledgeable explicitly what we are doing," lead researcher Kristy Snyder, a Vanderbilt University mark student, said in a university news release. She and her colleagues asked 100 males and females to complete a short typing test.
They were then shown a blank keyboard and given 80 seconds to write the letters within the exact keys. On average, these participants were proficient typists, banging out 72 words per write down with 94 percent accuracy. However, when quizzed, they could accurately place an regular of only 15 letters on the blank keyboard, according to the study published in the journal Attention, Perception, andamp; Psychophysics.
Saturday, 23 November 2019
Doctors Told About The New Flu
Doctors Told About The New Flu.
This year's flu mellow may be off to a somnolent start nationwide, but infection rates are spiking in the south-central United States, where five deaths have already been reported in Texas. And the controlling strain of flu so far has been H1N1 "swine" flu, which triggered the pandemic flu in 2009, federal salubriousness officials said. "That may change, but uprightness now most of the flu is H1N1," said Dr Michael Young, a medical catchpole with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's influenza division. "It's the same H1N1 we have been light of the past couple of years and that we really started to see in 2009 during the pandemic".
States reporting increasing levels of flu movement include Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. Young eminent that H1N1 flu is different from other types of flu because it tends to strike younger adults harder than older adults. Flu is typically a bigger portent to people 65 and older and very junior children and people with chronic medical conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes. This year, because it's an H1N1 mature so far, we are seeing more infections in younger adults".
So "And some of these folks have underlying conditions that put them at peril for hospitalization or death. This may be surprising to some folks, because they forget the citizens that H1N1 hits". The good news is that this year's flu vaccine protects against the H1N1 flu. "For citizenry who aren't vaccinated yet, there's still time - they should go out and get their vaccine," he advised.
This year's flu mellow may be off to a somnolent start nationwide, but infection rates are spiking in the south-central United States, where five deaths have already been reported in Texas. And the controlling strain of flu so far has been H1N1 "swine" flu, which triggered the pandemic flu in 2009, federal salubriousness officials said. "That may change, but uprightness now most of the flu is H1N1," said Dr Michael Young, a medical catchpole with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's influenza division. "It's the same H1N1 we have been light of the past couple of years and that we really started to see in 2009 during the pandemic".
States reporting increasing levels of flu movement include Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. Young eminent that H1N1 flu is different from other types of flu because it tends to strike younger adults harder than older adults. Flu is typically a bigger portent to people 65 and older and very junior children and people with chronic medical conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes. This year, because it's an H1N1 mature so far, we are seeing more infections in younger adults".
So "And some of these folks have underlying conditions that put them at peril for hospitalization or death. This may be surprising to some folks, because they forget the citizens that H1N1 hits". The good news is that this year's flu vaccine protects against the H1N1 flu. "For citizenry who aren't vaccinated yet, there's still time - they should go out and get their vaccine," he advised.
Thursday, 21 November 2019
Another Type Of Congenital Heart Disease May Be Cured By The Device And The Surgery
Another Type Of Congenital Heart Disease May Be Cured By The Device And The Surgery.
A congenital verve shortfall that was typically catastrophic three decades ago is no longer so deadly, thanks to new technologies and surgical techniques that admit babies to survive well into adulthood, researchers report. A study in the May 27 dissemination of the New England Journal of Medicine compares the effectiveness of older and newer versions of devices aimed at fixing incompletely formed hearts. The writing-room finds both performing equally well over three years.
It's a "landmark" study, "one that we've never had before in congenital hub disease," said Dr Gail D Pearson, kingpin of the Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program at the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, which financed the effort. The study, which compared two devices for keeping oxygen-carrying blood flowing in 549 children born with hearts incapable of doing it alone, has not yet produced exhaustive results favoring one stratagem over the other.
But the probing is indeed just beginning. "Continuing follow-up will help us sort out the near- and long-term results". Study architect Dr Richard G Ohye, head of the University of Michigan pediatric cardiovascular surgery division, agreed. "Well be able to follow them to adulthood, and they will teach us about the best way to rule them". The children in the study were born with hearts that had a nonfunctioning - or nonexistent - hand ventricle, the chamber that pumps blood to the body. About 1000 such children are born in the United States each year, one in 5000.
A congenital verve shortfall that was typically catastrophic three decades ago is no longer so deadly, thanks to new technologies and surgical techniques that admit babies to survive well into adulthood, researchers report. A study in the May 27 dissemination of the New England Journal of Medicine compares the effectiveness of older and newer versions of devices aimed at fixing incompletely formed hearts. The writing-room finds both performing equally well over three years.
It's a "landmark" study, "one that we've never had before in congenital hub disease," said Dr Gail D Pearson, kingpin of the Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program at the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, which financed the effort. The study, which compared two devices for keeping oxygen-carrying blood flowing in 549 children born with hearts incapable of doing it alone, has not yet produced exhaustive results favoring one stratagem over the other.
But the probing is indeed just beginning. "Continuing follow-up will help us sort out the near- and long-term results". Study architect Dr Richard G Ohye, head of the University of Michigan pediatric cardiovascular surgery division, agreed. "Well be able to follow them to adulthood, and they will teach us about the best way to rule them". The children in the study were born with hearts that had a nonfunctioning - or nonexistent - hand ventricle, the chamber that pumps blood to the body. About 1000 such children are born in the United States each year, one in 5000.
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