US Experts Have Established Reasons Of Decrease In The Pregnancy Rate

US Experts Have Established Reasons Of Decrease In The Pregnancy Rate.
Pregnancy rates pursue to weakening in the United States, a federal make public released Dec 2013 shows. The rate reached a 12-year low in 2009, when there were about 102 pregnancies for every 1000 women age-old 15 to 44, according to the latest statistics from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That be worthy of is 12 percent below the 1990 be entitled to of about 116 pregnancies per 1000 women.

Only the 1997 rate of 102 has been lower during the since 30 years, according to the report. Experts said two factors are driving the downward trend: improved access to descent control and decisions by women to put off childbearing until later in life. Those trends have caused the ordinary age of pregnancy to shift upward. Pregnancy rates for teenagers also have reached celebrated lows that extend across all racial and ethnic groups.

Between 1990 and 2009, the pregnancy gauge fell 51 percent for white and black teenagers, and 40 percent for Hispanic teenagers. The teen origin rate dropped 39 percent between 1991 and 2009, and the teen abortion gait decreased by half during the same period. Overall, pregnancy rates have continued to diminish for women younger than 30. "The amount of knowledge that young women have about their family control options is very different compared to a few decades ago," said Dr Margaret Appleton, manager of the division of obstetrics and gynecology at the Scott andamp; White Clinic in College Station, Texas.

Some Types Of Antidepressants Increase The Risk Of Miscarriage

Some Types Of Antidepressants Increase The Risk Of Miscarriage.
Women who engage a steady class of antidepressants during pregnancy may increase their risk of having a frustration by 68 percent, Canadian researchers report. Antidepressant use is common during pregnancy, with up to 3,7 percent of women taking the drugs during the essential trimester. Stopping treatment can lead to a return of depression and other symptoms, and earlier studies of the medications' effects on the fetus have been small and had contradictory results.

But the Canadian case-control mull over on more than 5000 women found that by controlling for other factors associated with miscarriage, taking antidepressants known as eclectic serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy led to an increased risk of miscarriage. Up to 20 percent - or one baggage out of five - will suffer a miscarriage for various reasons during pregnancy. But the inspect results suggest that SSRIs as a class increase that risk, according to lead researcher Anick Berard, an confederate professor at the University of Montreal.

The results "are highly robust given the big-hearted number of users studied". In addition the study makes clear that the drugs, rather than the mothers' despondency and anxiety, are associated with an increased risk for miscarriage.

However, the author of an accompanying editorial famed that the finding is far from definitive. "This is an association, not a cause," said Adrienne Einarson, assistant headman of the Motherisk Program at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. "We still don't know if it's the impression or the drug".

Also, the risk uncovered by the study is a very small one. "Less than twice as many women had miscarriages in the classify with antidepressants as those who did not take antidepressants. It's a very small risk indeed, and it's not a common sense to stop taking an antidepressant if you need it".

Doctors Recommend That Pregnant Women Have To Make A Flu Shot

Doctors Recommend That Pregnant Women Have To Make A Flu Shot.
Pregnant women were urged to get a flu launch during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, and further display supports that advice. Norwegian researchers have found that vaccination in pregnancy was safe for origin and child, and that fetal deaths were more common among unvaccinated moms-to-be. Influenza is a serious intimation to a pregnant woman and her unborn child, said Dr Camilla Stoltenberg, director vague of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health in Oslo, lead researcher of the new study. "Our look at indicates that influenza during pregnancy was a risk factor for stillbirth during the pandemic in 2009".

And "We judge no indication that pandemic vaccination in the second or third trimester increased the risk of stillbirth". With this year's flu pummeling many folk across the United States, experts reveal the best way a pregnant woman can protect her unborn baby from flu complications is by getting a flu shot. "In adding to protecting the mother against severe influenza, the vaccine protects the fetus and the lassie in the first months after birth, when the child is too young to be vaccinated".

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a flu spot for everyone over 6 months of age. Besides replete women, the CDC says the elderly and anyone with a chronic condition such as asthma or diabetes are especially vulnerable to infection.

For the study, published Jan 16, 2013 in the New England Journal of Medicine, Stoltenberg's crew cool data on more than 117000 women in Norway who were pregnant between 2009 and 2010 - the take of the H1N1 pandemic. The investigators found the rate of fetal deaths was almost five per 1000 women.

Women Can Take Antidepressants During Pregnancy

Women Can Take Antidepressants During Pregnancy.
Women who study reliable antidepressants while pregnant do not raise the risk of a stillbirth or death of their baby in the first year of life, according to a obese new study. The findings stem from an analysis involving 30000 women in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, who gave line to more than 1,6 million babies, in total, between 1996 and 2007. Close to 2 percent of the women took formula selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac (fluoxetine) and Paxil (paroxetine), for depressive symptoms during their pregnancy.

The delve into team, led by Dr Olof Stephansson of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, reports in the Jan 2, 2013 spring of the Journal of the American Medical Association that initially women taking an SSRI for dent did seem to live statistically higher rates of stillbirth and infant death. However, that uptick in imperil disappeared once they accounted for other factors, including the threat posed by despair and the mother's history of psychiatric disease or hospitalizations, the authors noted in a journal news release.

Obesity Can Be A Barrier To Pregnancy

Obesity Can Be A Barrier To Pregnancy.
Women should tarry at least one year after having weight-loss surgery before they analyse to get pregnant, researchers say. The chubbiness rate among women of child-bearing age is expected to rise from about 24 percent in 2005 to about 28 percent in 2015, and the enumerate of women having weight-loss surgery is increasing, the researchers noted. In a review, published Jan 11, 2013 in The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, investigators looked at c whilom studies to assess the safety, limitations and advantages of weight-loss ("bariatric") surgery, and guidance of weight-loss surgery patients before, during and after pregnancy.

Obesity increases the imperil of pregnancy complications, but weight-loss surgery reduces the chance in extremely obese women, the criticize authors said. One study found that 79 percent of women who had weight-loss surgery proficient no complications during their pregnancy. However, the review also found that complications during pregnancy can occur in women who have had weight-loss surgery.

Causes Hyperactivity In Children

Causes Hyperactivity In Children.
A budding study from Australia sheds more luminosity on what environmental factors might raise the risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). "Compared with mothers whose children did not have ADHD, mothers of children with ADHD were more disposed to to be younger, single, smoked in pregnancy, had some complications of pregnancy and labor, and were more probable to have given birth slightly earlier," said study co-author Dr Carol Bower, a superior principal research fellow with the Center for Child Health Research at the University of Western Australia. "It did not prepare any difference if the child was a girl or a boy".

The researchers did upon that girls were less likely to have ADHD if their mothers had received the hormone oxytocin to despatch up labor. Previous research had suggested its use during childbirth might actually increase the risk of ADHD. The causes of ADHD be there unclear, although evidence suggests that genes play a major role, said Dr Tanya Froehlich, an friend professor at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

And "Many last studies have found an association between ADHD and tobacco and alcohol exposure in the womb, prematurity and complications of pregnancy and delivery. One utensil is certain: Diagnoses of ADHD have become routine in the United States. A survey released in November 2013 found that 10 percent of American children have been diagnosed with the condition, although the hurried increase in numbers seems to have leveled off.

ADHD is more dominant in boys. Its symptoms include distractibility, inattention and a lack of focus.

Gestational Diabetes In The First And Second Pregnancies Gives A Higher Risk In Subsequent Pregnancies

Gestational Diabetes In The First And Second Pregnancies Gives A Higher Risk In Subsequent Pregnancies.
Women who had gestational diabetes in their word go and jiffy pregnancies are at greatly increased endanger for the condition in future pregnancies, a new workroom finds. Gestational diabetes can lead to early delivery, cesarean section and type 2 diabetes in the mother, and may widen a child's risk of developing diabetes and obesity later in life.

So "Because of the passive nature of gestational diabetes, it is important to identify early those who are at risk and care for them closely during their prenatal care," lead author Dr Darios Getahun, a research scientist/epidemiologist in the check in and evaluation department at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, said in a Kaiser account release. In this study, researchers analyzed the medical history of more than 65000 women who delivered babies at a Kaiser Permanente Southern California medical center between 1991 and 2008.

Allergic Risk When Eating Peanuts During Pregnancy

Allergic Risk When Eating Peanuts During Pregnancy.
Women who feed-bag peanuts during pregnancy may be putting their babies at increased endanger for peanut allergy, a new workroom suggests. US researchers looked at 503 infants, aged 3 months to 15 months, with suspected egg or wring allergies, or with the skin disorder eczema and positive allergy tests to exploit or egg. These factors are associated with increased risk of peanut allergy, but none of the infants in the lessons had been diagnosed with peanut allergy.

Blood tests revealed that 140 of the infants had assertive sensitivity to peanuts. Mothers' consumption of peanuts during pregnancy was a strong predictor of peanut soreness in the infants, the researchers reported in the Nov 1, 2010 issue of the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. "Researchers in just out years have been uncertain about the role of peanut consumption during pregnancy on the gamble of peanut allergy in infants.

While our study does not definitively indicate that pregnant women should not eat peanut products during pregnancy, it highlights the desideratum for further research in order to make recommendations about dietary restrictions," lucubrate leader Dr Scott H Sicherer, a professor of pediatrics at Jaffe Food Allergy Institute at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City, said in a yearbook dispatch release.

Sicherer and his colleagues recommended controlled, interventional studies to further explore their findings. "Peanut allergy is serious, customarily persistent, potentially fatal, and appears to be increasing in prevalence".

Peanuts are all the most common allergy-causing foods. But because a peanut allergy is less likely to be outgrown than allergies to other foods, it becomes more conventional among older kids and adults. It's likely that more Americans are allergic to peanuts than any other food.

The Normalization Of Weight A Woman After Childbirth Reduces The Risk Of Developing Diabetes

The Normalization Of Weight A Woman After Childbirth Reduces The Risk Of Developing Diabetes.
Women who gained 18 or more pounds after their start newborn was born are more than three times more undoubtedly to develop gestational diabetes during their second pregnancy, according to rejuvenated research. On the bright side, the study, published in the May 23 online printing of Obstetrics & Gynecology, also found that women who were able to shed six or more pounds between babies reduced their risk of the condition by 50 percent. Gestational diabetes, a condition that occurs during pregnancy, can cause honest complications in the final weeks of pregnancy, birth and right after a baby is born.

Research shows that women who have had the get during one pregnancy have a greater chance of developing the condition again. Excess weight profit before or during pregnancy also boosts a woman's risk. But women who trim extra pounds after the nativity of a baby could significantly reduce their risk of developing gestational diabetes in a subsequent pregnancy.

Deficiency Of Iodine During Pregnancy Reduces IQ Of Future Child

Deficiency Of Iodine During Pregnancy Reduces IQ Of Future Child.
Mild to let up iodine deficiency during pregnancy may have a contradictory long-term impact on children's sense development, British researchers report. Low levels of the so-called "trace element" in an hopeful mother's diet appear to put her child at risk of poorer verbal and reading skills during the preteen years, the look at authors found. Pregnant women can boost their iodine levels by eating enough dairy products and seafood, the researchers suggested. The finding, published online May 22, 2013 in The Lancet, stems from an inquiry of unkindly 1000 mother-child pairs who were tracked until the young gentleman reached the age of 9 years.

And "Our results clearly show the position of adequate iodine status during early pregnancy, and emphasize the risk that iodine deficiency can place to the developing infant," study lead author Margaret Rayman, of the University of Surrey in Guildford, England, said in a roll news release. The study authors explained that iodine is important to the thyroid gland's hormone production process, which is known to have an impact on fetal brains development.

The Link Between Antidepressants And Autism

The Link Between Antidepressants And Autism.
Despite some concerns to the contrary, children whose moms old antidepressants during pregnancy do not appear to be at increased jeopardy of autism, a large novel Danish study suggests. The results, published Dec 19, 2013 in the New England Journal of Medicine, presentation some reassurance. There have been some hints that antidepressants called picky serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) could be linked to autism. SSRIs are the "first-line" drug against depression, and allow for medications such as fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), citalopram (Celexa) and paroxetine (Paxil).

In one late-model US study, mothers' SSRI use during pregnancy was tied to a twofold increase in the edge that her child would have autism. A Swedish study saw a similar pattern, though the risk linked to the drugs was smaller. But both studies included only pint-sized numbers of children who had autism and were exposed to antidepressants in the womb. The recent study is "the largest to date" to look at the issue, using records for more than 600000 children born in Denmark, said tether researcher Anders Hviid, of the Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen.

And overall, his crew found, there was no clear link between SSRI use during pregnancy and children's autism risk. Hviid cautioned that the pronouncement is still based on a small company of children who had autism and prenatal exposure to an SSRI - 52, to be exact. The researchers celebrated that it's not possible to rule out a small increase in autism risk. "At this point, I do not contemplate this potential association should feature prominently when evaluating the risks and benefits of SSRI use in pregnancy".

Commenting on the findings, Christina Chambers, foreman of the Center for the Promotion of Maternal Health and Infant Development at the University of California, San Diego, stated, "I deliberate this study is reassuring". One "important" specifics is that the researchers factored in mothers' mental health diagnoses - which ranged from the blues to eating disorders to schizophrenia. "How much of the risk is related to the medication, and how much is interconnected to the underlying condition? It's hard to tease out".

IVF Increases The The Risk Of Thrombosis

IVF Increases The The Risk Of Thrombosis.
Women who became in the through in vitro fertilization (IVF) may have an increased gamble of developing blood clots and potentially baneful artery blockage, Swedish investigators suggest. Although the risk remains small, the chances are especially high during the first trimester compared to women who become pregnant naturally, the researchers said. Blood clots - called venous thromboembolism - can appear in the leg veins and defy free, traveling to the lungs and blocking a main artery. This condition, called pulmonary embolism, can cause problem breathing and even death.

So "There is an increased incidence of pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis in the midst women pregnant after IVF," said lead researcher Dr Peter Henriksson, a professor of internal pharmaceutical at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. "Embolism is the leading cause of motherly mortality during pregnancy. The diagnosis can be elusive, so physicians should be aware of this risk to facilitate the diagnosis".

The jeopardize of clotting during pregnancy isn't confined to women who undergo IVF, another experts said. "Any pregnancy carries a imperil of clotting," said Dr Avner Hershlag, himself of the Center for Human Reproduction at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, NY. This is because hormones, uncommonly estrogen, increase during pregnancy, Hershlag said. "This changes what we name the clotting cascade," he said. "There are many factors in blood clotting that can be affected by hormones - especially estrogen".

In addition, the enlarging uterus puts strength on pelvic blood vessels, which can engender to clotting. Some women are advised to limit their movement to reduce the risk of clotting, Hershlag noted. Although it's unclear why women who go through IVF have a greater risk of clotting, Hershlag speculates that it could be due to fertility treatments that widen estrogen even beyond levels normally associated with pregnancy.

Significant Weight Gain During Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Gestational Diabetes

Significant Weight Gain During Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Gestational Diabetes.
Excessive rig get to during pregnancy, especially the first trimester, may increase a woman's danger of gestational diabetes, say US researchers. Their three-year study included 345 in a family way women with gestational diabetes and 800 pregnant women without gestational diabetes, which is defined as glucose racism that typically occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

After the researchers adjusted for a or slue of factors - age at delivery, previous births, pre-pregnancy body-mass first finger and race and/or ethnicity - they found that women who gained more weight during pregnancy than recommended by the US Institute of Medicine were 50 percent more odds-on to develop gestational diabetes, compared to those whose bulk gain was within or below the IOM recommendations. The link between pregnancy weight gain and gestational diabetes was strongest amongst overweight and non-white women.

The study was published online Feb 22 in the quarterly Obstetrics and Gynecology. "Health-care providers should talk to their patients early in their pregnancy about the suited gestational weight gain, especially during the first trimester, and help women monitor their superiority gain.

Significant Weight Gain During Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Gestational Diabetes

Significant Weight Gain During Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Gestational Diabetes.
Excessive bias money during pregnancy, especially the first trimester, may increase a woman's endanger of gestational diabetes, say US researchers. Their three-year study included 345 having a bun in the oven women with gestational diabetes and 800 pregnant women without gestational diabetes, which is defined as glucose bias that typically occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

After the researchers adjusted for a party of factors - age at delivery, previous births, pre-pregnancy body-mass sign and race and/or ethnicity - they found that women who gained more weight during pregnancy than recommended by the US Institute of Medicine were 50 percent more able to develop gestational diabetes, compared to those whose cross gain was within or below the IOM recommendations. The link between pregnancy weight gain and gestational diabetes was strongest amidst overweight and non-white women.

The study was published online Feb 22 in the history Obstetrics and Gynecology. "Health-care providers should talk to their patients early in their pregnancy about the set aside gestational weight gain, especially during the first trimester, and help women monitor their tonnage gain.

Use Of Medicines For Epilepsy During Pregnancy Can Cause A Risk To The Child.
Pregnant women with epilepsy who are compelling carbamazepine (Tegretol) to device seizures may be at a minor extent increased hazard of having an infant with spina bifida, a further study finds. Spina bifida is a get in which the bones of the spine do not close but the spinal line remains in place, usually with skin covering the defect skin care with peptides. Most children will stress lifelong treatment for problems arising from devastation to the spinal cord and spinal nerves.

And "For women with epilepsy, paroxysm control during pregnancy is very important," said pass researcher Lolkje de Jong-van den Berg, from the borderline of pharmacy at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. "Our weigh can help in decisions regarding whether carbamazepine should be the drug of superior in pregnancy". However, the best option regarding treatment can be chosen only on an personal basis by the woman and her neurologist before pregnancy, weighing the benefits of epilepsy put down against the risk of birth defects, de Jong-van den Berg said.

The write-up is published in the Dec 3, 2010 online number of the BMJ. For the study, de Jong-van den Berg's duo reviewed existing fact-finding to determine the risk of birth defects among women fetching Tegretol. The researchers found that infants of women fascinating Tegretol were 2,6 times more likely to have spina bifida, compared with women not alluring any anti-epileptic medication.

However, the risk associated with Tegretol was less than with another anti-epileptic drug- valproic acid (Depakene). In fact, Tegretol was less perilous than valproic acid when it came to other family defects such as hypospadias, where a boy's urinary crack develops in the out of place part of the penis or in the scrotum. "Carbamazepine is specifically coordinate to an increased risk of spina bifida," de Jong-van den Berg said. "But you have to commemorate in mind that the absolute danger is small".